Rozkład przestrzenny i typologia sieci trakcji elektrycznej transportu publicznego w Europie Środkowej
Wybierz format
RIS BIB ENDNOTEData publikacji: 24.10.2025
Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG, 2024, 27 (2), s. 33-50
https://doi.org/10.4467/2543859XPKG.24.011.22476Autorzy
Spatial distribution and typology of public transport electric traction networks in Central Europe
This study presents a consistent and transferable methodology for identifying and analyzing continuous urban electric traction networks—specifically trams, trolleybuses, and metro systems—in Central European cities. Using data from OpenStreetMap, enriched with official transport sources and field verification, we defined 113 integrated networks across Czechia, Hungary, Germany, Poland, Austria, Slovakia, and Switzerland. Key absolute and relative indicators—such as total network length and composite density—were calculated for each system, and linked to standardized statistical units (LAU, NUTS).
At least minimal electric public transport infrastructure was identified in 366 municipalities. The study examines spatial patterns in network distribution and tests several hypotheses, including whether capital cities with metro systems also host the most extensive tram and trolleybus networks, and how urbanization levels affect network density. The findings confirm that larger and more urbanized cities tend to support more complex and denser electric transport systems, but also reveal exceptions influenced by historical and spatial factors. The analysis demonstrates that using only urbanized areas yields more meaningful comparisons than relying on entire administrative boundaries.
A seven-category typology was developed to enable comparative assessment of network significance and urban transport potential across the region. The results offer a robust database for further spatial and transport analyses and highlight the value of network density as an indicator of public transport quality. This approach can be applied in other regions worldwide, supporting sustainable mobility research and planning.
Bartłomiejczyk, M., Kołacz, R. (2020). The reduction of auxiliaries power demand: The challenge for electromobility in public transportation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 252.
Bartłomiejczyk, M., Połom, M., 2017, The impact of the overhead line’s power supply system spatial differentiation on the energy consumption of trolleybus transport: planning and economic aspects. Transport, 32, 1, 1–12.
Brand, C., Preston, J., 2003, Which technology for urban public transport? ICE Proceedings Transport, 156, 4, 201–210.
Costa, A., Fernandes, R., 2012, Urban public transport in Europe: Technology diffusion and market organisation. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 46, 2, 269–284.
Csehy, E., 2019, A Hódmezővásárhelyet Szegeddelösszekötő, TRAM-TRAIN integrált villamos-és nagyvasúti rendszer egyes működtetési, üzemeltetési kérdései. Közlekedéstudományi Szemle, 69, 5, 4–17.
Czerepicki, A., Choromański, W., Kozłowski, M., & Kazinski, A. (2020). Analysis of the Problem of Electric Buses Charging in Urban Transport. Science & Technique, 19(4).
Drdla, P., 2018, Osobní doprava regionálního a nadregionálního významu. Univerzita Pardubice, Pardubice.
Durzyński, Z., Pachołek, M., Cichy, R., 2018, Conditions for using of trams on railway tracks sections in agglomeration communication in Poland. In: MATEC web of conferences, 180, 03002.
Grava, S., 2003, Urban transportation systems. Choices for communities. McGraw Hill, New York.
Guerrieri, M., 2019, Catenary-free tramway systems: functional and cost–benefit analysis for a metropolitan area. Urban Rail Transit, 5, 4, 289–309.
Guerrieri, M., 2023, Fundamentals of Railway Design. Springer Natur Switzerland, Cham.
Guzik, R., Kołoś, A., Taczanowski, J., Fiedeń, Ł., Gwosdz, K., Hetmańczyk, K., & Łodziński, J. (2021). The second generation electromobility in polish urban public transport: The factors and mechanisms of spatial development. Energies, 14(22).
Hoffmann, K., 2006, Recent developments in cable-drawn urban transport systems. FME Transactions, 34,4, 205–212.
Kołoś, A., Fiedeń, Ł., Taczanowski, J., R. Parol, A., Gwosdz, K., Guzik, R., & Łodziński, J. (2023). Evolution of second-generation electromobility in public transport in Polish cities. Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG, 26(1).
Kołoś, A., Taczanowski, J., 2016, The feasibility of introducing light rail systems in medium-sized towns in Central Europe. Journal of Transport Geography, 54, 400–413.
Kraśkiewicz, C., Oleksiewicz, W., 2015, Tramwaj dwusystemowy w Karlsruhe. Logistyka, 4, 4255–4261.
Kuczyk, M., Jędrzejewski, P., Załuski, P., 2021, The concept of suspended urban rail vehicle. Rail Vehicles/Pojazdy Szynowe, 2, 52–66.
Mišanović, S. M., ŽIvanović, Z. M., & Tica, S. M. (2015). Energy efficiency of different bus subsystems in Belgrade public transport. Thermal Science, 19(6).
Novales, M., Orro, A., Bugarin, M. R., 2002, Tram-train: new public transport system. Transportation research record, 1793, 1, 80–90.
Papa, G., Santo Zarnik, M., & Vukašinović, V. (2022). Electric-bus routes in hilly urban areas: Overview and challenges. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 165.
Połom, M., 2018, Trends in the development of trolleybus transport in Poland at the end of the second decade of the 21st century. Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG, 21, 4, 44–59.
Połom, M., 2019, Technology Development and Spatial Diffusion of Auxiliary Power Sources in Trolleybuses in European Countries. Energies, 14, 11, 3040.
Połom, M. (2021). E-revolution in post-communist country? A critical review of electric public transport development in Poland. Energy Research and Social Science, 80, 102227.
Pyza, D., Buczkowska, M., & Ziembicki, M. (2019). Low-emission vehicles in public transport - selected aspects. WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering, 127.
Schwandl, R., 2017a, Tram Atlas Mitteleuropa. Robert Schwandl Verlag, Berlin
Schwandl, R., 2017b, Tram Atlas Polen. Robert Schwandl Verlag, Berlin
Schwandl, R., 2019a, Tram Atlas Deutschland. Robert Schwandl Verlag, Berlin
Schwandl, R., 2019b, U-Bahnen in Deutschland: + U-Stadtbahnen. Robert Schwandl Verlag, Berlin
Schwandl, R., 2022, S-Bahnen in Deutschland: + Regional-Stadtbahnen. Robert Schwandl Verlag, Berlin
Schwandl, R., 2023, Tram Atlas Schweiz & Österreich. Robert Schwandl Verlag, Berlin
Stepanov, P., 2019, Characteristics of construction and operation of trolleybus systems in the world. Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG, 22, 3, 64–72.
Taczanowski, J., Kołoś, A., Gwosdz, K., Domański, B., & Guzik, R. (2018). The development of low-emission public urban transport in Poland. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, 41(41).
Težak, S., Sever, D., Lep, M., 2016, Increasing the capacities of cable cars for use in public transport. Journal of Public Transportation, 19, 1, 1–16.
Tica, S., Filipovic, S., Zivanovic, P. V., Bajcetic, S., 2011, Development of Trolleybus Passenger Transport Subsystems in Terms of Sustainable Development and Quality of Life in Cities. International Journal for Traffic & Transport Engineering, 1, 4, 196–205.
Topolnik, D., Pušić, M., Zuko, R., 2005, Rail Systems for Public Urban Transport. Promet-Traffic&Transportation, 17, 3, 161–168.
Topp, H. H., 1999, Innovations in tram and light rail systems. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 213, 3, 133–141.
Vuchic, V. R., 2007, Urban transit systems and technology. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken
Wägli, H. G., 2010, Schienennetz Schweiz, Bahnprofil Schweiz CH+. AS Verlag, Zürich
Wołek, M., Szmelter-Jarosz, A., Koniak, M., Golejewska, A., 2020, Transformation of trolleybus transport in Poland. Does in-motion charging (technology) matter? Sustainability, 12, 22, 9744.
Zavada, J., Zavada, J. B., Miloš, K., 2010, Conditions for Implementing Trolleybuses in Public Urban Transport. Promet - Traffic&Transportation, 22, 6, 467–474.
BBSR, 2024, Bundesamt für Bauwesen und Raumordnung, https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Administrativ/05-staedte.html [31.7.2025].
BFS, 2024, Bundesamt für Statistik, https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/bevoelkerung/stand-entwicklung.assetdetail.32229143.html [31.7.2025].
CORINE Land-Copernicus, 2022, https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/corine-land-cover [31.7.2025].
CZSO, 2023, Český statistický úřad, https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/pocet-obyvatel-v-obcich-k-112023 [31.7.2025].
Datacube, 2023, Štatistický úrad SR, https://datacube.statistics.sk/#!/view/sk/vbd_dem/om7101rr/v_om7101rr_00_00_00_sk [31.7.2025].
GISCO-LAU, 2025, Local Administrative Un https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/statistical-units/local-administrative-units [31.7.2025].
GISCO-NUTS, 2025, Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/statistical-units/territorial-units-statistics [31.7.2025].
GUS, 2023, Główny Urząd Statystyczny, https://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/ludnosc/ludnosc/powierzchnia-i-ludnosc-w-przekroju-terytorialnym-w-2023-roku,7,20.html [31.7.2025].
KSH, 2023, Központi Statisztikai Hivatal, https://www.ksh.hu/apps/hntr.main?p_lang=HU [31.7.2025].
OSM, 2023, OpenStreetMap, https://www.openstreetmap.org/ [31.7.2025].
RDPT, 2023, Ročenka dopravy, pôšt a telekomunikácií 2022, https://slovak.statistics.sk/wps/portal/ [31.7.2025].
Statistik, 2023, Statistik Austria, https://www.statistik.at/blickgem/index [31.7.2025].
SYDOS, 2025, Systém dopravních statistik Ministerstva dopravy ČR, https://www.sydos.cz/cs/rocenka-2024/rocenka/htm_cz/cz24_322000.html [31.7.2025].
Informacje: Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG, 2024, 27 (2), s. 33-50
Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy
Tytuły:
Faculty of Science,
University of Ostrava
Republika Czeska
Publikacja: 24.10.2025
Otrzymano: 01.02.2024
Zaakceptowano: 22.08.2025
Status artykułu: Otwarte
Licencja: CC BY 4.0
Udział procentowy autorów:
Korekty artykułu:
-Języki publikacji:
AngielskiLiczba wyświetleń: 494
Liczba pobrań: 427