Agarwal, Basant, Priyanka Harjule, Lakshit Chouhan, Upkar Saraswat, Himanshu Airan, and Parth Agarwal. 2021. “Prediction of Dogecoin Price Using Deep Learning and Social Media Trends.” EAI Endorsed Transactions on Industrial Networks and Intelligent Systems 8 (29): e2–e2.  http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.29-9-2021.171188.

Ammous, Saifedean. 2018. The Bitcoin Standard: The Decentralized Alternative to Central Banking. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley John & Sons.

Angel, James J., and Douglas McCabe. 2015. “The Ethics of Payments: Paper, Plastic, or Bitcoin?” Journal of Business Ethics 132 (3): 603–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2354-x.

Bailey, Andrew M., Bradley Rettler, and Craig Warmke. 2021. “Philosophy, Politics, and Eco-nomics of Cryptocurrency II: The Moral Landscape of Monetary Design.” Philosophy Compass 16: e12784. https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12784.

Bjerg, Ole. 2016. “How Is Bitcoin Money?” Theory, Culture & Society 33 (1): 53–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276415619015.

Chan, Richard C.S., and Annaleena Parhankangas. 2017. “Crowdfunding Innovative Ideas: How Incremental and Radical Innovativeness Influence Funding Outcomes.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 41 (2): 237–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12268.

Cheah, Eng-Tuck, and John Fry. 2015. “Speculative Bubbles in Bitcoin Markets? An Empirical Investigation into the Fundamental Value of Bitcoin.” Economics Letters 130 (May): 32–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2015.02.029.

Chohan, Usman W. 2021. “A History of Dogecoin.” SSRN Scholarly Paper. Rochester, NY. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3091219.

Costola, Michele, Matteo Iacopini, and Carlo R.M.A. Santagiustina. 2021. “On the ‘Mementum’ of Meme Stocks.” Economics Letters 207 (October): 110021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2021.110021.

Dawkins, Richard. 1976. The Selfish Gene. Oxford: The Oxford University Press.

Dierksmeier, Claus, and Peter Seele. 2018. “Cryptocurrencies and Business Ethics.” Journal of Business Ethics 152 (1): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3298-0.

Esteves, Victoria, and Graham Meikle. 2015. “ʻLOOK @ THIS FUKKEN DOGE’: Internet memes and remix cultures.” In The Routledge Companion to Alternative and Com-munity Media, edited by Chris Atton, 561–70. Abingdon: Routledge.

Ethereum Foundation. 2022. “What Is Ethereum.” Accessed November 22, 2025. https://ethereum.foundation/ethereum.  

García-Monleón, Fernando, Ignacio Danvila-del-Valle, and Francisco J. Lara. 2021. “Intrinsic Value in Crypto Currencies.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 162 (January): 120393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120393.

Goforth, Carol R. 2021. “Regulation of Crypto: Who Is the Securities and Exchange Commission Protecting?” American Business Law Journal 58 (3): 643–705. https://doi.org/10.1111/ablj.12192.

Golumbia, David. 2016. The Politics of Bitcoin: Software as Right-Wing Extremism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Hazlett, Peter K., and William J. Luther. 2020. “Is Bitcoin Money? And What That Means.” The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 77 (August): 144–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2019.10.003.

Huntington, Heidi E. 2013. “Subversive Memes: Internet Memes as a Form of Visual Rhetoric.” AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research, October. Accessed November 22, 2025. https://journals.uic.edu/ojs/index.php/spir/article/view/8886.

Jeong, Sarah. 2007. “Dogecoin.” In Paid: Tales of Dongles, Checks, and Other Money Stuff, edited by Bill Maurer and Lana Swartz, 53–70. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Kang, Sang Hoon, Ron P. McIver, and Jose Arreola Hernandez. 2019. “Co-Movements between Bitcoin and Gold: A Wavelet Coherence Analysis.” Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications 536 (December): 120888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.04.124.

Keatinge, Tom, Florence Keen, and Kayla Izenman. 2019. “Fundraising for Right-Wing Extremist Movements.” The RUSI Journal 164 (2): 10–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2019.1621479.

Lansiaux, Edouard, Noé Tchagaspanian, and Joachim Forget. 2022. “Community Impact on a Cryptocurrency: Twitter Comparison Example Between Dogecoin and Litecoin.” Frontiers in Blockchain 5. Accessed November 22, 2025. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2022.829865.  

Lewis, Antony. 2021. The Basics of Bitcoins and Blockchains: An Introduction to Cryptocurrencies and the Technology That Powers Them. Coral Gables, FL: Mango.

Li, Chao, and Haijun Yang. 2022. “Will Memecoins’ Surge Trigger a Crypto Crash? Evidence from the Connectedness between Leading Cryptocurrencies and Memecoins.” Finance Research Letters 50 (December): 103191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2022.103191.

Maurer, Bill, and Lana Swartz. 2018. Paid: Tales of Dongles, Checks, and Other Money Stuff. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Mariana, Christy Dwita, Irwan Adi Ekaputra, and Zaäfri Ananto Husodo. 2021. “Are Bitcoin and Ethereum Safe-Havens for Stocks during the COVID-19 Pandemic?” Finance Research Letters 38 (January): 101798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2020.101798.

Mazorra, Bruno, Victor Adan, and Vanesa Daza. 2022. “Do Not Rug on Me: Leveraging Ma-chine Learning Techniques for Automated Scam Detection.” Mathematics 10 (6): 949. https://doi.org/10.3390/math10060949.

Molina, Maria. 2020. “What Makes an Internet Meme a Meme? Six Essential Characteristics.” In Handbook of Visual Communication. Theory, Methods, and Media, edited by Sheree Josephson, James Kelly, and Ken Smith, 380–94. Abingdon: Routledge.

Nakamoto, Satoshi. 2008. “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System.” White Paper. Nani, Albi. 2022. “The Doge Worth 88 billion Dollars: A Case Study of Dogecoin.” Convergence 28 (6): 1719–36.

Nobanee, Haitham, and Nejla Ould Daoud Ellili. 2023. “What Do We Know about Meme Stocks? A Bibliometric and Systematic Review, Current Streams, Developments, and Directions for Future Research.” International Review of Economics & Finance 85 (May): 589–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2023.02.012.

O’Dwyer, Rachel. 2023. Tokens: The Future of Money in the Age of the Platform. New York: Verso Press.

Philander, Kahlil S. 2023. “Meme Asset Wagering: Perceptions of Risk, Overconfidence, and Gambling Problems.” Addictive Behaviors 137 (February): 107532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107532.

Quamara, Sidharth, and Awadhesh Kumar Singh. 2022. “A Systematic Survey on Security Concerns in Cryptocurrencies: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives.” Computers & Security 113 (February): 102548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2021.102548.

Schäfer, Mike S., Julia Metag, Jessica Feustle, and Livia Herzog. 2018. “Selling Science 2.0: What Scientific Projects Receive Crowdfunding Online?” Public Understanding of Science 27 (5): 496–514. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662516668771.

Shifman, Limor. 2013. Memes in Digital Culture. Cambridge: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9429.001.0001.

Shneor, Rotem, and Amy Ann Vik. 2020. “Crowdfunding Success: A Systematic Literature Review 2010–2017.” Baltic Journal of Management 15 (2): 149–82. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-04-2019-0148.

Short, Jeremy C., David J. Ketchen Jr., Aaron F. McKenny, Thomas H. Allison, and R. Duane Ireland. 2017. “Research on Crowdfunding: Reviewing the (Very Recent) Past and Celebrating the Present.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 41 (2): 149–60. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/etap.12270.

Sukamulja, Sukmawati, and Cornelia Sikora. 2018. “The New Era of Financial Innovation: The Determinants of Bitcoin’s Price.” Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business 33 (1). https://journal.ugm.ac.id/jieb/article/view/30646.

Tandon, Chahat, Sanjana Revankar, Hemant Palivela, and Sidharth Singh Parihar. 2021. “How Can We Predict the Impact of the Social Media Messages on the Value of Crypto-currency? Insights from Big Data Analytics.” International Journal of Information Management Data Insights 1 (2): 100035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2021.100035.

Warmke, Craig. 2021. “What Is Bitcoin?” Inquiry 67 (1): 1–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020174X.2020.1860123.

Yermack, David. 2013. “Is Bitcoin a Real Currency? An economic appraisal.” Working Paper 19747. Working Paper Series. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w19747.