This article examines the legal regulation of joint-stock companies in Czechoslovakia, focusing particularly on the Joint-Stock Companies Act (No. 243/1949 Coll.) and its historical development. It offers a comparative analysis between the socialist-era framework and its predecessors rooted in Austrian commercial law, especially the Allgemeines Deutsches Handelsgesetzbuch (ADHGB) and the Austrian Commercial Code. The study traces the evolution of joint-stock company law from the Austro-Hungarian Empire through the interwar Czechoslovak Republic and the communist era, culminating in the post-1989 reforms and the current Czech legal framework under the Commercial Corporations Act (No. 90/2012 Coll.). The paper highlights the ideological and political shifts that shaped the transformation from state-controlled economic models to a modern market-oriented corporate structure, while emphasizing the continuity and adaptation of legal traditions throughout these changes.