The problems of the relations between science and war have belonged recently to the topics which are constantly present in Czech historiography. The same can not be stated, however, with reference to the problems connected with the participation of Czech representatives of the humanities in the Galician campaigns during the First World War. The aim of the article is to look at this topic and present the example of two learned men, who were called up to the front at the mature age of 36 years old as reserve officers. The first part of the text represents an introduction to the situation as well as a description of the basic bibliographic positions. Attention is mainly paid to the negative attitude of Czechs to the War, which had objectives that were in contrast with the Slavic feeling of the majority of Czech society. In a short essay, the perception of Galicia during the War is shown, with Czech soldiers valuing Galician towns more than villages. From a few sources, it can be stated that Krakow made the greatest impression, being regarded as a wonderful town, and its historic character was emphasized. The second part of the article concentrates on the wartime fate of the art historian and conservation specialist Zdeňek Wirth (1878–1961), which has been reconstructed based on correspondence. He was called up to the Galician front as a Landsturm officer (infantry battalion no. 214). He took part in the 1914 campaign, and later found himself mainly working in the support organizations for the front lines in Galicia and Lubelszczyzna, where his organizational and administrative skills were used. During the War (he was relieved of his duties in 1918), Wirth attempted to conduct as much scientific activity as possible; he wrote some articles on the current topics connected with conservation work (the confiscation of bells). He learnt Polish and also read Polish scientific literature. The third part of the article presents the half-year participation of the lawyer and philosopher Emil Svoboda (1878–1948) in the first Galician campaign of 1914–1915. The basic sources of information are his unpublished Memories with their strong anti-military character. Svoboda was also called up for military service as an officer of the Landsturm reserves (infantry battalion no. 213). Svoboda, as a company leader, took part in the fighting around Krakow, later in the offensive near Limanowa and, finally, spent part of the winter in the towns of Nowy Targ and Czarny Dunajec. In February 1915, he travelled to Prague on sick leave, and later was released from the army after an application by the University and Polytechnic of Prague.