This paper addresses the issue of discrimination in the area of the right to nationality in the context of the case law of judicial and quasi-judicial human rights protection bodies. The development of international human rights law and the case law of judicial bodies in recent decades has significantly challenged the absolute nature of the state’s discretionary power in matters of nationality. Nationality is increasingly perceived not only as a formal legal status but also as a significant element of an individual’s legal identity. The starting point is the wording of selected international human rights treaties on the right to nationality and the prohibition of discrimination. The focus will be on analysing the extent to which the requirements of non-discrimination and the prevention of statelessness are reflected in the case law of universal and regional judicial or quasi-judicial human rights protection bodies. The contribution comparatively examines the approaches of universal quasi-judicial treaty bodies, the European Court of Human Rights, and the inter-American and African human rights protection bodies to disputes in which nationality serves as both an element of legal identity and a potentially discriminatory criterion. Particular attention is paid to the question of whether the courts recognize the existence of discrimination in access to nationality based on grounds other than gender equality, especially based on origin, ethnicity, birth, or migration status. The conclusion of the contribution identifies trends towards the convergence of case law and formulates implications for domestic legal regulations and application practice.