@article{ebfc5a81-a89f-4a10-8a3b-e2fe6970ec30,
author = {Izabela Künstler},
title = {Napisy dla niesłyszących – problemy i wyzwania},
journal = {Przekładaniec},
volume = {2008},
number = {Numer 20 – O przekładzie audiowizualnym},
year = {2009},
issn = {1425-6851},
pages = {115-124},keywords = {},
abstract = {Subtitles for the deaf and hard-of-hearing (SDH) contain not only dialogue, but also
	the description of all the sounds necessary to understand the meaning of an audiovisual
	programme. In Poland SDH have been available since 1994 on two major channels
	of the public television TVP (accessible via teletext, page 777). SDH are also available
	on DVDs released by TVP. Recently other commercial distributors have joined
	in. Initially, TVP made only pre-recorded SDH (with inserted time-codes), which were
	broadcast automatically. Since 2003 TVP has been broadcasting semi-live subtitles for
	its two news programmes every day.
	Viewers with hearing impairments do not comprise a uniform group. There are
	those whose fi rst language is Polish Sign Language; those who lost hearing after having
	acquired Polish as their mother tongue; and those who are hard of hearing, mainly the
	aged. Each of these groups has different language competences and different expectations
	concerning SDH. Thus, preparing SDH that would satisfy the expectations of all the viewers seems
	to be an impossible task. It is up to researchers to answer why some hearing impaired
	viewers are not completely satisfi ed with SDH, or to what degree viewers are able to
	follow and comprehend the content of subtitled audiovisual materials. We, the practitioners,
	face other challenges. The fact that public broadcasters may soon be legally
	obliged to have all their programmes subtitled means not only an increase in the volume
	of subtitles produced, but also a greater variety of genres and the need to re-defi ne SDH
	standards.},
doi = {},
url = {https://ejournals.eu/czasopismo/przekladaniec/artykul/napisy-dla-nieslyszacych-problemy-i-wyzwania}
}