%0 Journal Article
%T Klauzula moralności (publicznej) w prawie polskim i europejskim jako przykład regulacyjnej, ochronnej oraz innowacyjnej funkcji prawa
%A Kalisz, Anna
%J Principia
%V 2013
%R 10.4467/20843887PI.14.010.1534
%N Tom 57-58
%P 191-213
%K moralność publiczna, ochrona prawna, porządek prawny, aksjologia społeczna, funkcje prawa
%@ 0867-5392
%D 2014
%U https://ejournals.eu/czasopismo/principia/artykul/klauzula-moralnosci-publicznej-w-prawie-polskim-i-europejskim-jako-przyklad-regulacyjnej-ochronnej-oraz-innowacyjnej-funkcji-prawa
%X 
	Being a part of culture, law derives from it and at the same time has influence on it. In other words, law is both a product and a source of social axiology. Such liaisons are identified as &#039;social functions&#039; of law.

	The paper starts with some terminological remarks on &#039;legal system&#039;, &#039;legal order&#039; as well as on functions of law themselves. After dealing with characteristics of various functions of law the article turns into an attempt of describing the connection between &#039;(public) morality and law&#039; as such.

	A clause of public morality (morals) in the legal texts &#039;invites&#039; the social axiology into the legal order, which means both - its protection, as a part of a legal system and risk of misinterpretation or even manipulation as an &#039;open texture&#039; term (a blurred phrase) with no legal definition attached. The aforementioned risk is even more significant since such clause serves the limitation of individual freedom - named, depending on legal system as &#039;human rights and freedoms&#039;, &#039;fundamental rights&#039; or &#039;constitutional freedoms&#039;.

	The conclusion that derives from the paper is that the lack of the legal definition for &#039;(public) morality&#039; leads to making use of the established case-law that shows the alternative tendencies: one to unification - or at least  &#039;europeanisation&#039; - of the legal standards and another one to being interpreted in context of domestic social axiology that vary from state to state. Especially the European Court of Human Rights - ECHR (but also the Court of Justice of the European Union - CJEU)  avoids increasing its jurisdiction and focuses on proportionality principle issue and giving to the national bodies &#039;margin of appreciation&#039; in this area.

	Thus, the substance of &#039;(public) morality&#039; results from the social dialogue between various subjects within democratic state of law and its legal protection fulfills simultaneously guarantee, stabilizing, innovative, protective, motivational and educational function.