@article{14964363-56fc-4eee-ae8b-ee369423843d,
author = {Liliana  Hawrysz, Katarzyna  Hys},
title = {Communication Channels of Middle Managers and Non-Managers in Public Sector Organisations in Poland},
journal = {International Journal of Contemporary Management},
volume = {2014},
number = {Numer 13(2)},
year = {2014},
issn = {2449-8920},
pages = {72-85},keywords = {Communication; Quantitative research; Management roles; Public sector; Poland},
abstract = {Background. Discussion about instruments appropriate for administrative activities in Po- land started in 1990, after the transition. The reform of public administration in 1998 initiated substantial debate in this domain, and since then, the sector has been undergoing numerous transformations, but some of them are chaotic and not well thought-out. It impacts the posi- tion of public managers.
	Research aim. The purpose of this article is to show differences in the communication  channel of managers and employees in public sector organisations.
	Method. 1466 employees of 102 public sector organisations participated in the research. Re- search was conducted from November 2012 to May 2013. The survey questionnaire constituted the basis of collecting information in the framework of the conducted research. The research was complemented by interviews with managers of the entities examined.
	Reg findings. The research presented differences in the communication channel among  managers and employees who are not managers in public sector organisations; in addition,  the dominating communication channel was diagnosed in these organisations.
	 },
doi = {},
url = {https://ejournals.eu/czasopismo/international-journal-of-contemporary-management/artykul/communication-channels-of-middle-managers-and-non-managers-in-public-sector-organisations-in-poland}
}