%0 Journal Article
%T The Militant Davidic Messiah and Violence against Rome: The Influence of Pompey on the Development of Jewish and Christian Messianism
%A Atkinson, Kenneth
%J Scripta Judaica Cracoviensia
%V 2011
%R 10.4467/20843925SJ.11.001.0159
%N Volume 9
%P 7-19

%@ 1733-5760
%D 2012
%U https://ejournals.eu/czasopismo/scripta-judaica-cracoviensia/artykul/the-militant-davidic-messiah-and-violence-against-rome-the-influence-of-pompey-on-the-development-of-jewish-and-christian-messianism
%X In 63 BCE the army of the Roman General Pompey the Great invaded ancient Palestine, destroyed part of the Jerusalem temple, and ended the nearly eighty-year-old Hasmonean state. The Romans thereafter ruled ancient Palestine either directly or through a series of client kings. The great Jewish War against the Romans of 66–70 CE was largely an effort to restore independent Jewish rule. The Jewish historian Josephus, who served as a general in this conflict, tells us that a messianic oracle inspired many Jews to take up arms against the Romans.1 This nearly five-year conflict ended with the Roman destruction of Jerusalem and the Jewish temple. Sixty-two years later, Simeon bar Kochba – presumed by many Jews to be the messiah – led Jewish rebels in a second ill-fated revolt against Roman rule. After this failed war, the Jewish community abandoned nationalism and the active hope that a messiah would violently overthrow their oppressors.